文远知行前端笔试题

题目要求

使用html + js写一个马赛克画板(2.1版):

  1. 页面加载时,要求用户输入两个整数,对应长和宽,例如100, 200
  2. 页面显示100*200个格子,要求占满整个窗口,不能有滚动条
  3. 当窗口大小变化时,依然要满足上述条件
  4. 鼠标左键点击任意一个格子时,填入一个随机颜色,即#000000-#FFFFFF中的一种
  5. 鼠标右键点击此格子时,擦除颜色
  6. 每次进行上述的第4点或者第5点的操作时,显示“颜色岛“的总数量。一个颜色岛就是相连的所有已着色区域块,如下图中,总数量是3。要求这个数字以美观的形式展示,1秒后自动消失,具体样式和动画可以自行设计。
  7. 敲击键盘c键时,对每一个已着色的格子随机产生另一个颜色,并且设计一个渐变动画,每个格子要从原来的颜色渐变成新颜色

实现方案

Snipaste_2021-03-18_18-19-05

Snipaste_2021-03-18_18-19-24

思路

  • 对于要求1、2、3,可以通过动态创建 table 元素或者使用 Grid 实现;
  • 对于要求4和5可以通过事件委托实现,避免绑定太多事件;
  • 对于要求7,可以开一个全局数组保存当前已经设置了颜色的元素,每次进行4和5的操作时就修改该数组;
  • 对于要求6,可以通过上面定义的全局数组采用DFS遍历实现。

代码

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
<title>马赛克画板 2.1</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="init">
<form>
<h1>马赛克画板</h1>
<div class="form-item">
<label for="rows">行数:</label>
<input type="number" name="rows" style="width: 200px;" />
</div>
<div class="form-item">
<label for="cols">列数:</label>
<input type="number" name="cols" style="width: 200px;" />
</div>
<div class="form-item">
<button id="init-submit">初始化网格</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
<div class="stage"></div>
</div>
<script src="script.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
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@import "normalize.css";

html, body {
height: 100%;
}

.container {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
overflow: hidden;
}

.container .init {
padding: 25px 20px;
border-radius: 20px;
border-color: rgba(0,0,0,.5);
box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
z-index: 999;
}

.container .init h1 {
margin-bottom: 30px;
text-align: center;
color: rgba(0,0,0,.75);
}

.container .init .form-item {
margin-top: 20px;
}

.container .init label {
margin-right: 8px;
text-align: right;
color: rgba(0,0,0,.75);
}

.container .init input[type=number] {
box-sizing: border-box;
display: inline-block;
height: 32px;
padding: 4px 11px;
outline: 0;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 1.5;
color: rgba(0,0,0,.65);
background-color: #fff;
border: 1px solid #d9d9d9;
border-radius: 4px;
transition: all .3s;
}

.container .init input[type=number]:hover {
border-color: #40a9ff;
border-right-width: 1px !important;
}

.container .init #init-submit {
height: 36px;
width: 100%;
padding: 0 15px;
outline: none;
font-size: 14px;
text-align: center;
color: #fff;
background-color: #1890ff;
border-width: 0;
border-color: #1890ff;
border-radius: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
}

.container .stage {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
}

.container .stage table {
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
border-collapse: collapse;
}

.container .stage td {
box-sizing: border-box;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
transition: all .5s;
}

.container p.message {
position: absolute;
top: 10px;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 5px 12px;
font-size: 20px;
background-color: #fff;
border: 1px solid #999;
border-radius: 6px;
z-index: 999;
animation: fadeIn 1s forwards;
}

.container p.message span {
font-size: 26px;
font-weight: 600;
color: #ff6060;
}

@keyframes fadeIn {
0% {
transform: translateY(0);
opacity: 0;
}
50% {
transform: translateY(50px);
opacity: 1;
}
100% {
transform: translateY(50px);
opacity: 0;
}
}
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const tools = {
$: function (selector) {
let elems = document.querySelectorAll(selector);
if (elems.length === 1) {
return elems[0];
}
return elems;
},
randomIntRange: function (min, max) {
return parseInt(Math.random() * (max - min) + min, 10);
},
randomColor: function () {
return (
"rgb(" +
randomIntRange(0, 255) +
", " +
randomIntRange(0, 255) +
", " +
randomIntRange(0, 255) +
")"
);
},
compareGrid(g1, g2) {
if (g1.dataset.col === g2.dataset.col && g1.dataset.row === g2.dataset.row) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
},
};
// 合并工具函数到 window
Object.assign(window, tools);

// 全局变量
var coloredGrids = [];

window.onload = function () {
$("#init-submit").onclick = function (event) {
event.preventDefault();
let rows = $("input[name=rows]").value;
let cols = $("input[name=cols]").value;
if (rows && cols) {
$(".init").style.display = "none";
initGrids(rows, cols);
} else {
alert("请输入正确的数字");
}
};
};

function initGrids(rows, cols) {
let table = document.createElement("table");
table.className = "sketchpad";

// 监听按键
document.addEventListener("keyup", handleKeyPress);

// 屏蔽鼠标右键默认菜单事件
document.oncontextmenu = function (event) {
event.preventDefault();
};

table.addEventListener("mousedown", handleClick, false);

for (let i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
let tr = document.createElement("tr");
tr.className = "sketchpad-grid-row";
for (let j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
let td = document.createElement("td");
td.className = "sketchpad-grid-col";
td.setAttribute("data-row", i);
td.setAttribute("data-col", j);
tr.appendChild(td);
}
table.appendChild(tr);
}

$(".stage").appendChild(table);
}

function handleKeyPress(event) {
if (event.keyCode !== 67) {
return;
}

if (coloredGrids.length) {
coloredGrids.forEach(function (grid, index) {
grid.style.backgroundColor = randomColor();
});
}
}

function handleClick(event) {
if (event.button === 0) {
event.target.style.backgroundColor = randomColor();
coloredGrids.push(event.target);
}
if (event.button === 2) {
event.target.style.backgroundColor = "";
let index = coloredGrids.indexOf(event.target);
coloredGrids.splice(index, 1);
}


let colorIslands = countColorIslands();
let message = document.createElement("p");
message.className = "message";
message.innerHTML = "当前颜色岛数量为: <span>" + colorIslands + "<span>";
$(".container").appendChild(message);
setTimeout(function() {
$(".container").removeChild(message);
}, 1000);
}

function countColorIslands() {
let temp = coloredGrids.slice(0);
let visited = Array(temp.length).fill(false);
let result = [];

function dfs(grid, index) {
visited[index] = true;
getColoredNeighbors(grid).forEach((i) => {
if (!visited[i]) dfs(coloredGrids[i], i);
});
};

temp.forEach((grid, index) => {
if (!visited[index]) {
result.push(grid);
dfs(grid, index);
}
});

return result.length;
}

function getColoredNeighbors(elem) {
let x = +elem.dataset.col;
let y = +elem.dataset.row;
let neighbors = [];

for (let i = (x - 1 < 0 ? 0 : x - 1); i <= x + 1; i++) {
for (let j = (y - 1 < 0 ? 0 : y - 1); j <= y + 1; j++) {
if (!(i === x && j === y) && (i === x || j === y)) {
if ($("td[data-col='" + i + "'][data-row='" + j + "']").style.backgroundColor !== "") {
coloredGrids.forEach((grid, index) => {
if (compareGrid($("td[data-col='" + i + "'][data-row='" + j + "']"), grid)) {
neighbors.push(index);
}
});
}
}
}
}

return neighbors;
}

文远知行前端笔试题
https://infiniture.cn/2021/03/18/文远知行笔试题/
作者
NickHopps
发布于
2021年3月18日
许可协议